Tread depth

Tread depth

The width of the horizontal part of a step — the support area for the foot. The optimum for a home is 27–32 cm.

01 /Main depth standards

The tread depth (the width of the horizontal part of a step) determines the support area for the foot when walking. The ideal standard for a home is 27–32 cm (270–320 mm). At this size an adult's foot rests fully on the step, which ensures safety.

  • 🛏️ 32–35 cm. A very comfortable, gentle step. Requires a lot of space for the flight.
  • 🏡 27–31 cm. The optimal range. Provides maximum comfort when climbing and, more importantly, a safe descent.
  • 📐 25–26 cm. The minimum acceptable limit for main living areas. When descending, the heel or toe will slightly overhang.
  • 🪜 Less than 25 cm. Used only for auxiliary stairs (attic, basement, spiral).

02 /Ways to increase depth (overhang)

If space is limited and a full tread cannot be fitted into the design, an overhang (nosing) is used — the upper step overhangs the lower one.

  • Recommended overhang for wooden steps: 2–3 cm.
  • Maximum overhang: 4 cm (any more and the toe will catch on the way up).

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Calculation Results

Number of steps

Calculated by dividing the total rise by the step height. A single flight has 3 to 16 steps (optimally 11–15).

Calculation Results

Stair angle

Determines the steepness of the flight, affecting comfort, safety and floor space. The comfortable range for a home is 30°–40°.

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Floor run length

The horizontal distance from the first step to the end of the staircase under the ceiling. Determines whether the flight will fit.